Jakarta, officially "the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta", is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Located on the northwest coast of Java, it has an area of 661 square kilometres (255 sq mi) and a 2010 census count population of 9,580,000.[4] Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre. It is the most populous city in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia, and is the twelfth-largest city in the world. The urban area, Jabodetabek, is the second largest in the world. Jakarta is listed as a global city in the 2008 Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) research. The city's name is derived from the Old Javanese word "Jayakarta" which translates as "victorious deed", "complete act", or "complete victory".
Established in the fourth century, the city became an important trading port for the Kingdom of Sunda. It grew as the capital of the colonial Dutch East Indies. It was made capital of Indonesia when the country became independent after World War II. It was formerly known as Sunda Kelapa (397–1527), Jayakarta (1527–1619), Batavia (1619–1942), and Djakarta (1942–1972).
Landmarks include the National Monument and Istiqlal Mosque. The city is the seat of the ASEAN Secretariat. Jakarta is served by the Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport, and Tanjung Priok Harbour; it is connected by several intercity and commuter railways, and served by several bus lines running on reserved busways.
Kota or kotamadya (cities) of Jakarta
Officially, Jakarta is not a city, but a province with special status as the capital of Indonesia. It has a governor (instead of a mayor), and is divided into several sub-regions with their own administrative systems. As a province, the official name of Jakarta is Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta ("Special Capital City District of Jakarta"), which in Indonesian is abbreviated to DKI Jakarta.
Jakarta is divided into five kota or kotamadya ("cities" - formerly municipalities), each headed by a mayor, and one regency (kabupaten) headed by a regent. In August 2007, Jakarta held its first ever election to choose a governor, whereas previously the city's governors were appointed by local parliament. The poll is part of a country-wide decentralization drive, allowing for direct local elections in several areas.
The cities/municipalities of Jakarta are:
* Central Jakarta (Jakarta Pusat, formerly 'Weltevreden') is Jakarta's smallest city and home to most of Jakarta's administrative and political center. It is characterized by large parks and Dutch colonial buildings. Landmarks include the National Monument (Monas), the Istiqlal Mosque, and museums.
* West Jakarta (Jakarta Barat) has the highest concentration of small-scale industries in Jakarta. The area includes Jakarta's Chinatown and landmarks include the Chinese Langgam building and the Toko Merah building. West Jakarta contains part of the Jakarta Old Town.
* South Jakarta (Jakarta Selatan), originally planned as a satellite city, is now the location of large upscale shopping centers and affluent residential areas. Jakarta Selatan functions as Jakarta's ground water buffer,[31] but recently the green belt areas are threatened by new developments. Much of the CBD area of Jakarta is concentrated in Setia Budi, South Jakarta, bordering the Tanah Abang/Sudirman area of Central Jakarta.
* East Jakarta (Jakarta Timur) territory is characterized by several industrial sectors erected in this city.There are also still some areas of swamps and rice fields in this city.
* North Jakarta (Jakarta Utara) is the only city in Jakarta that is bounded by the sea (Java Sea). It is the location of the Tanjung Priok Port. Big-scale and medium-scale industries are concentrated in North Jakarta. North Jakarta contains the location of Jakarta Old Town, formerly known as Batavia since the 17th century, and was a center of VOC trade activity in Dutch East Indies. Also located in North Jakarta is Ancol Dreamland (Taman Impian Jaya Ancol), currently the largest integrated tourism area in South East Asia.
The only regency (kabupaten) of Jakarta is:
* Thousand Islands (Kepulauan Seribu), formerly a subdistrict of North Jakarta, is a collection of 105 small islands located on Java Sea. It has a high conservation value because of its unique and special ecosystems. Marine tourism, such as diving, water bicycle, and wind surfing, is the most important touristic activity in this territory. The main transportation between these islands are speed boat or small ferries
Jakarta's Cities/Municipalities (Kota Administrasi/Kotamadya)
Government
In September 1945, the government of Jakarta City was changed from the Japanese Djakarta Toku-Betsu Shi into the Jakarta National Administration. This first government was held by a Mayor until the end of 1960 when the office was changed to that of a Governor. The last mayor of Jakarta was Sudiro, until he was replaced by Dr Sumarno as Governor.
In 1974, Based on the Act No. 5 of 1974 relating to the Fundamentals of Regional Government, Jakarta was confirmed as the capital city of Indonesia and one of Indonesia's 26 provinces.
Geography
Jakarta is located on the northwest coast of Java, at the mouth of the Ciliwung River on Jakarta Bay, which is an inlet of the Java Sea. Officially, the area of the Jakarta Special District is 662 km2 of land area and 6,977 km2 of sea area. Jakarta lies in a low, flat basin, averaging 7 metres (23 ft) above sea level; 40% of Jakarta, particularly the northern areas, is below sea level, while the southern parts are comparatively hilly. Rivers flow from the Puncak highlands to the south of the city, across the city northwards towards the Java Sea; the most important is the Ciliwung River, which divides the city into the western and eastern principalities. Other rivers include the Pesanggrahan, and Sunter.
These rivers, combined with Jakarta's low topography make it prone to flooding from swollen rivers in the wet season and high sea tides. Other contributing factors include clogged sewage pipes and waterways that service an increasing population, in addition to deforestation near rapidly urbanizing Bogor and Depok in Jakarta's hinterland. Furthermore, Jakarta is an urban area with complex socio-economic problems that indirectly contribute to triggering a flood event. Major floods occurred in 1996 when 5,000 hectares of land were flooded and 2007. Losses from infrastructure damage and state revenue were at least 5.2 trillion rupiah (572 million US dollars) and at least 85 people were killed [43] and about 350,000 people forced from their homes. Approximately 70% of Jakarta's total area was flooded with water up to four meters deep in parts of the city.
The Thousand Islands, which are administratively a part of Jakarta, are located in Jakarta Bay north of the city.
Climate
Jakarta has a hot and humid tropical wet and dry climate (Aw) according to the Köppen climate classification system. Despite being located relatively close to the equator, the city has distinct wet and dry seasons. Wet seasons in Jakarta cover the majority of the year, running from November through June. The remaining four months forms the city’s dry season. Located in the western-part of Indonesia, Jakarta's wet season rainfall peak is January with average monthly rainfall of 385 millimetres (15.2 in), and its dry season low point is July with a monthly average of 31 millimetres (1.2 in).Climate data for Jakarta | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °C (°F) | 31.5 (88.7) | 32.3 (90.1) | 32.5 (90.5) | 33.5 (92.3) | 33.5 (92.3) | 34.4 (93.9) | 33.3 (91.9) | 33.0 (91.4) | 32.0 (89.6) | 31.7 (89.1) | 31.3 (88.3) | 32.0 (89.6) | 31.8 (89.2) |
Average low °C (°F) | 24.2 (75.6) | 24.3 (75.7) | 25.2 (77.4) | 25.1 (77.2) | 25.4 (77.7) | 24.8 (76.6) | 25.1 (77.2) | 24.9 (76.8) | 25.5 (77.9) | 25.5 (77.9) | 24.9 (76.8) | 24.9 (76.8) | 25.0 (77) |
Precipitation mm (inches) | 384.7 (15.146) | 309.8 (12.197) | 100.3 (3.949) | 257.8 (10.15) | 133.4 (5.252) | 83.1 (3.272) | 30.8 (1.213) | 34.2 (1.346) | 29.0 (1.142) | 33.1 (1.303) | 175.0 (6.89) | 84.0 (3.307) | 1,655.2 (65.165) |
Avg. rainy days | 26 | 20 | 15 | 18 | 13 | 17 | 5 | 24 | 6 | 9 | 22 | 12 | 187 |
Source: World Meteorological Organisation |
Culture
As the economic and political capital of Indonesia, Jakarta attracts many domestic immigrants who bring their various languages, dialects, foods and customs.
The Betawi (Orang Betawi, or "people of Batavia") is a term used to describe the descendants of the people living in and around Batavia and recognized as an ethnic group from around the 18th-19th century. The Betawi people are mostly descended from various Southeast Asian ethnic groups brought or attracted to Batavia to meet labor needs, and include people from different parts of Indonesia.[48] The language and Betawi culture are distinct from those of the Sundanese or Javanese. The language is mostly based on the East Malay dialect and enriched by loan words from Dutch, Portuguese, Sundanese, Javanese, Chinese, and Arabic. Nowadays, the Jakarta dialect (Bahasa Jakarta) used as a street language by people in Jakarta is loosely based on the Betawi language.
Betawi arts have a low profile in Jakarta and most Betawi have moved to the suburbs of Jakarta, displaced by new migrants. It is easier to find Java or Minang based wedding ceremonies rather than Betawi weddings in Jakarta. It is easier to find Javanese Gamelan instead of Gambang Kromong (a mixture between Betawi and Chinese music) or Tanjidor (a mixture between Betawi and Portuguese music) or Marawis (a mixture between Betawi and Yaman music). However, some festivals such as the Jalan Jaksa Festival or Kemang Festival include efforts to preserve Betawi arts by inviting artists to give performances.
There has been a Chinese community in Jakarta for many centuries. Officially, they make up 6% of the Jakartan population, although this number may be under-reported.
Jakarta has several performing art centers, such as the Taman Ismail Marzuki (TIM) art center in Cikini, Gedung Kesenian Jakarta near Pasar Baru, Balai Sarbini in Plaza Semanggi area, Bentara Budaya Jakarta in Palmerah area, Pasar Seni (Art Market) in Ancol, and traditional Indonesian art performances at the pavilions of some Provinces in Taman Mini Indonesia Indah. Traditional music is often found at high-class hotels, including Wayang and Gamelan performances. Javanese Wayang Orang performance can be found at Wayang Orang Bharata theater near Senen bus terminal. As the nation's largest city and capital, Jakarta has lured much national and regional talent who hope to find a greater audience and more opportunities for success.
Jakarta hosts several prestigious art and culture festivals, and exhibitions, such as the annual Jakarta International Film Festival (JiFFest), Jakarta International Java Jazz Festival, Jakarta Fashion Week, Jakarta Fashion & Food Festival (JFFF), Indonesia Creative Products and Jakarta Arts and Crafts exhibition. Flona Jakarta is a Flora and Fauna exhibition, held annually in August at Lapangan Banteng park featuring flowers, plant nurseries, and pets. The Jakarta Fair is held annually from mid June to mid July to celebrate the anniversary of the city and is largely centered around a trade fair. However this month-long fair also features entertainment, including arts and music performances by local bands and musicians.
Several foreign art and culture centers are also established in Jakarta, and mainly serve to promote culture and language through learning centers, libraries, and art galleries. Among these foreign art and cultural centers are Netherlands Erasmus Huis, UK British Council, France Centre Culturel Français, Germany Goethe-Institut, Japan Foundation, and The Jawaharlal Nehru Indian Cultural Center.
77 responses to "Jakarta : Capital of Indonesia"
The Jakarta, name is enough to listen as a capital of Indonesia.
well nice sharing about Jakarta, thanks. but there should be good pictures also to estimate more.
I live here. It's crowded. Traffic jam everywhere. You'll need hours to travel from one district to another. But I love this city and the mixed-culture people :D
This has been a very significant blog indeed. I’ve acquired a lot of helpful information from your article. Thank you for sharing such relevant topic with us.
Jakarta has its own special culture, which the influences reached the city’s shores over the centuries. There some new shopping centers
in Jakarta are the greater and colorful.
emang sangat beragam dan sangat menarik...
There is no doubt that Jakarta is the heart and soul of Indonesia and one of the most exciting places to visit in Southeast Asia to enjoy an electrifying nightlife and shopping experience.
I never been in Jakarta, anyway reading this info it is very cool.
Not been to Indonesia however I've heard quite a bit about Jakarta, will definitely include it in my list of places to go to.
I was in Jakarta, its very very cool!!
Loved Jakarta when I was there. Great Nightlife.
I was wondering is Jakarta a great place to party ??
jakarata,,very far with my city,(gresik)
Least Liveable Cities, Jakarta 125th of 140. It is not good statistic. Statistical data is not very good. But I want to see this city.
great info on jakarta..
Jakarta is one city I have never been to as yet but do plan to go. Crowded maybe but sounds like its a very vibrant and exciting city to visit.
Jakarta is world famous for its special culture and is the heart and soul of Indonesia. Another reason behind its popularity is many shopping places and malls.
jakarta kota 1001 macet
jakarta is world famous place.So i would like to visit it.
Jakarta is the capital city of one of the world's most populous nations. It is a fast growing cosmopolitan destination that is abundantly gifted with fascinating culture and traditions.
Jakarta held its first ever election to choose a governor, whereas previously the city's governors were appointed by local parliament. The poll is part of a country-wide decentralization drive, allowing for direct local elections in several areas.
Jakarta has a hot and humid tropical wet and dry climate (Aw) according to the Köppen climate classification system.
jakarta memang kota metropolitan yang mempunyai banyak aneka ragam,,,
We do not have so many citizens in our country than in this city.
jakarta harus dipindahin k kalimantan biar supaya biar kagak macet & merata pembangunan
My family enjoyed a couple of days in Indonesia and they said it was amazing. I am planning to visit sometime. Is the capital the best option? I hear they have some pretty small cities that are really nice. Any ideas?
Great place to visit. I hope i will get there once in my lifetime. I am fascinated by the indonesian culture, indonesian cuisine, foods. When it is better to visit Jakarta? In the dry or the wet season?
Jakarta is very modern city. I like its architecture. It is very awesome and beautiful. There are very places to visit. It is like the dream city.
jakarta yang mempunyai aneka ragam yang bagus...
There is no doubt that Jakarta is the heart and soul of Indonesia and one of the most exciting places to visit in Southeast Asia to enjoy an electrifying nightlife and shopping experience....
Jakarta is listed as a global city in the 2008 Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) research.
Very useful info about Jakarta. I plan to visit the capital this year, so this info came in very handy, Thanks!
Jakarta makin lama makin sumpek yah. Tapi apapun yang terjadi Jakarta is the best
Thanks to the blog owner for the excellent post.
monas salah satu kebanggaan jakarta dan indonesia,,,
jakarta ibu kota indonesia,,,yang sangat banyak aneka ragam didalamnya,,
The information which you posted us quite interesting and very true. I had been traveled to Jakarta from last 2 years for business purpose and I always enjoying my trip to Jakarta.
I am Indonesian. I do not know why we must be proud when saying that Jakrta is our capaital. What is it in Jakarta? Nothing but crowd!
I'm a surfer and do not know how to desire to go to find the beaches of Indonesia such as Bali. Hopefully someday I can go and enjoy its beauty.
JAKARTA is a global city very beautiful place because there are very interesting place so that can be enjoyment in this tract while when want to get information on this site .
One of my Favorite town for travel
verry Us The best beuatiful jakarta
thanks Your share Informations greetings Good luck always
It has been define globalization Jakarta place on the site because it is a very nice and interesting site.it is a very beautiful place good culture that can be enjoy in this place.
Wonderful blog very interesting to read .I hope i will get there once in my lifetime. I am fascinated by the indonesian culture, indonesian cuisine, foods.Thanks for sharing with us.
Thanks
Hi..Many thanks for sharing good information with us. I didn't know such things about Indonesia but after read your post i have good knowledge about Indonesia. I would like to go Indonesia once in my life.
ke jakarta aku kan kembalii...
Nice information about Jakarta. I please insert more images.
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Heard a lot about Jakarta and would surely like to visit the place soon. Great information and great content shared. Thank you for the same.
I wish i could visit....
Kalau Jakarta ga macet pasti nyaman sekali..
I have visited Indonesia once, I will visit Jakarta next time.
This is quiet a strange fact that Jakarta is not a city, but a province with special status as the capital of Indonesia.
Jakarta is not a city, but a province with special status as the capital of Indonesia, that's strange but true.
Due to numerous prominent artistic and cultural presentations throughout Jakarta, foreign visitors are more prefer cool and calm place to spend vacation. Jakarta’s food and film festival are vital attractions.
Jakarta is not a city, but a province with special status as the capital of Indonesia, that's strange but true.
Jakarta the capital of Indonesia 's population has also increased and there is change in the climate also as population increased.
Jakarta is the largest city of Indonesia Officially, Jakarta is not a city, but a province with special status as the capital of Indonesia.
good city. love to travel
It is an interesting article and there is so much stuff to grab on.
Jakarta is really a beautiful city.I like it's culture.Nice to hear that it is the twelfth largest city in the world.Your efforts of describing Jakarta in a detail is appreciated.
i love this info.
Jakarta must have some special history that's why it is termed as victorious deed. Sounds great. I am specially fond of Indonesian foods. Thanks for such informative post.
thanks for such a useful information about jakarta.Its really very beautiful country,Indonesia.
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You will certainly enjoy Jakarta’s culture, history, humorous people and wonderful beaches. Now, newly developed Jakarta’s market and shopping mall attracts foreign visitors and satisfies in every stage.
Jakarta seems to be very exciting place to visit as indonesia itself is very much famous among the traveller.
I really want to visit Jakarta because of the info that is mention in this blog.Thanks for sharing this type of amazing post.
WOW!!!
I don't ever know this type of info about Jakarta.I am so much surprised to see qualities of this capital of Indonesia.
Huge and appreciable info that you mention in this blog.
Thanks for sharing this.
great info on jakarta..
Nice website. Very cool content. Thank you!!!
It seems to be quite crowded...
any ways, i hope i could ever visit this place
These are awesome picture. I would love to visit here along with my friends.
Great think for it.
Awesome dude that's like a great post.
Brilliant think......!
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Thank you, your experience is quite encouraging to me. I think this is the best option for me at the moment.
Hi, Really great effort. Everyone should read this article. Thanks for sharing.